What describes plaque in relation to cardiovascular health?

Plaque is defined as a deposit of fatty material that accumulates on the inner lining of arterial walls. This process, known as atherosclerosis, leads to the thickening and hardening of the arteries, which can significantly impede blood flow. As plaque builds up, it can narrow the arteries and make them less flexible, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. The components of plaque typically include not only fats but also cholesterol, cellular waste, and other substances.

Understanding plaque’s role is crucial in cardiovascular health, as its presence is a key factor in the development of coronary artery disease. When plaque ruptures, it can trigger the formation of a blood clot, potentially blocking blood flow entirely and resulting in serious consequences for heart health.

In contrast, the other choices refer to different aspects of cardiovascular health and management. For instance, calcium buildup in the bloodstream relates to other types of cardiovascular issues but not to plaque specifically. High-density lipoproteins are forms of cholesterol that are often referred to as “good” cholesterol, which is distinct from the fatty deposits described by plaque. Lastly, a bubble-like formation in arteries, while potentially descriptive of an aneurysm, does not accurately depict the nature of plaque and its associated