What does hypertension refer to?

Hypertension refers specifically to high blood pressure, which is a medical condition characterized by the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries being consistently too high. A normal blood pressure reading typically ranges from 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. When blood pressure readings exceed this range, particularly readings greater than 130/80 mmHg, an individual may be diagnosed with hypertension.

Understanding hypertension is essential because it can lead to serious health issues, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage if left unmanaged. The term itself is derived from the Greek words for "over" and "tension," indicating increased tension or pressure within the circulatory system.

The other options do not correctly define hypertension. Low blood pressure indicates hypotension, which can lead to dizziness and fainting, while normal blood pressure reflects healthy cardiovascular function. An irregular heartbeat describes arrhythmia, which is a different cardiovascular condition unrelated to blood pressure measurements.